Poland's aspiration to host nuclear weapons as part of NATO was recently confirmed, signaling a shift in the nation's involvement in global deterrence strategies.
Presently, NATO's deterrence strategies partially depend on the US tactical nuclear bombs B-61, which are stored across Europe in countries like Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, Italy, and Turkey. The B-61 bombs operate based on a ‘dual key' principle, which places the control of the bombs exclusively with the United States.
Those within the NATO alliance wishing to utilize these bombs must be equipped with the appropriate means, leading to the purchase of F-35A fighter-bombers. In keeping with this requirement, Poland recently made the decision to acquire 32 F-35As.
Poland’s Increased Interest in NATO’s Nuclear Sharing
In light of Russia's recent decision to transfer tactical nuclear weapons to Belarus in 2022, Poland's President, Andrzej Duda, expressed an increased interest in Poland's participation in NATO's nuclear sharing. He emphasized that while Poland does not currently possess nuclear weapons, the country is keen on becoming a part of the nuclear sharing program.
However, the US is yet to respond to Poland's request, potentially due to a previous commitment to not deploy nuclear weapons in territories belonging to newer NATO members.
Participation in NATO's nuclear plans does not necessarily require hosting B-61 bombs. Countries can also contribute through other means such as protecting a raid or conducting reconnaissance missions. Notwithstanding, President Duda has expressed a strong desire for Poland to host nuclear weapons.
Russia’s Reaction to Poland’s Aspirations
Duda has made his stance known that if the decision is made by its allies to deploy nuclear weapons in Poland in a bid to reinforce NATO's eastern flank security, Poland is prepared to host the weapons. Echoing concerns over Russia's militarization of the Kaliningrad enclave and the aforementioned transfer of nuclear weapons to Belarus, Duda's comments have drawn reactions from Russia.
The Russian military has responded, stating that they will analyze the situation and take the necessary retaliatory measures needed to ensure their security.
President Duda’s Meeting with Former US President Trump
Duda's comments were released a few days after his meeting with the former US President, Donald Trump, during a visit to the United States. It is possible that during this meeting, the two leaders discussed the military aid to Ukraine which is currently being blocked by the Republican Party-controlled House of Representatives.
In the aftermath of his meeting with Duda, Trump made a call to Europe to do more to ensure Ukraine's survival and strength.